What Is Barrett’s Esophagus?

A condition called Barrett’s esophagus affects about 5% of adults nationwide. It causes the lining of the esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach, to change. This raises the risk for getting cancer of the esophagus.

Doctors don’t yet know what causes Barrett’s esophagus. But some people are at increased risk. The condition is more common in the U.S. than in other countries. People are more likely to have it if they are age 50 or older. Tobacco use raises the risk. So does excess weight around the waist.

Barrett’s esophagus itself has no symptoms. But many people with the condition also have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Symptoms of GERD can include heartburn, chest pain, or nausea. Some people with GERD have problems swallowing.

Doctors usually diagnose Barrett’s esophagus by using endoscopy. Endoscopy uses a small flexible tube to see inside the body. Barrett’s esophagus is often treated by using the same medications used to treat GERD. Other treatment options can include surgery.

If you have GERD, managing your symptoms can help reduce damage to the esophagus. Your doctor may recommend dietary or other lifestyle changes. Learn more about Barrett’s esophagus.